1 Okwu mmalite
Ngwaahịa usoro ụfụfụ dị nro nke polyurethane na-agụnye ngọngọ, na-aga n'ihu, ogbo, ụfụfụ resilience dị elu (HR), ụfụfụ akpụkpọ anụ ahụ, ụfụfụ na-eme ka ọ dị ngwa, ụfụfụ microcellular na ụfụfụ siri ike na-amịpụta ume.Ụdị ụfụfụ a ka na-eme ihe dịka 50% nke ngwaahịa polyurethane zuru ezu.Nnukwu ụdị dị iche iche na ngwa na-agbasawanye, ọ na-etinye aka na mpaghara dị iche iche nke akụ na ụba mba: ngwa ụlọ, ụgbọ ala, mmezi ụlọ, ngwá ụlọ, ụgbọ oloko, ụgbọ mmiri, ikuku na ọtụtụ ubi ndị ọzọ.Ebe ọ bụ na ọbịbịa nke ụfụfụ dị nro nke PU na 1950, karịsịa mgbe ịbanye na narị afọ nke 21, enweela ọganihu na nkà na ụzụ, ụdị dị iche iche na mmepụta ngwaahịa.Isi ihe bụ: PU ụfụfụ dị nro na gburugburu ebe obibi, ya bụ ngwaahịa polyurethane green;obere VOC uru PU ụfụfụ dị nro;obere atomization PU ụfụfụ dị nro;mmiri zuru ezu PU ụfụfụ dị nro;usoro MDI zuru oke ụfụfụ dị nro;ọkụ retardant, obere anwụrụ ọkụ, zuru MDI usoro ụfụfụ;ụdị mgbakwunye ọhụrụ dị ka reactive elu molecular arọ catalysts, stabilizers, ire retardants na antioxidants;polyols nwere obere unsaturation na obere monoalcohol ọdịnaya;ultra-low density PU ụfụfụ dị nro nke nwere ezigbo anụ ahụ;obere resonance ugboro, obere nnyefe PU ụfụfụ dị nro;polycarbonate diol, polyε-caprolactone polyol, polybutadiene diol, polytetrahydrofuran na ndị ọzọ pụrụ iche polyols;mmiri mmiri CO2 teknụzụ ụfụfụ, nkà na ụzụ na-afụ ụfụ na-adịghị mma, wdg.Na nkenke, mpụta nke ụdị ọhụrụ na teknụzụ ọhụrụ akwalitewo ọganihu n'ihu nke ụfụfụ dị nro nke PU.
2 Ụkpụrụ ịfụfụ
Iji mepụta ezigbo ụfụfụ PU dị nro nke na-emezu ihe ndị a chọrọ, ọ dị mkpa ịghọta ụkpụrụ mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ nke usoro ụfụfụ iji họrọ isi ihe kwesịrị ekwesị na ihe inyeaka na usoro mmepụta ihe.Mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ polyurethane ruo taa adịghịzi n'ụdị nṅomi, ma dị ka arụmọrụ chọrọ nke ngwaahịa ikpeazụ, enwere ike nweta ya site na nhazi nke ihe eji eme ihe na usoro mmepụta ihe.Polyurethane foam na-ekere òkè na mgbanwe kemịkalụ n'oge usoro nhazi, na ihe ndị na-emetụta ihe nhazi nke ụfụfụ ahụ dị mgbagwoju anya, nke ọ bụghị nanị na-agụnye mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ n'etiti isocyanate, polyether (ester) mmanya na mmiri, kamakwa gụnyere kemịkalụ colloid nke ụfụfụ. .Mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ gụnyere ndọtị agbụ, ụfụfụ na njikọ njikọ.Ọ na-emetụtakwa nhazi, ọrụ na ịdị arọ molecular nke ihe ndị na-ekere òkè na mmeghachi omume.Enwere ike igosipụta mmeghachi omume n'ozuzu nke njikọ nke ụfụfụ polyurethane site na usoro a:
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Otú ọ dị, ọnọdụ ahụ n'ezie dị mgbagwoju anya karị, a chịkọtara azịza ndị dị mkpa dị ka ndị a:
01 Mgbatị agbụ
Multifunctional isocyanates na polyether (ester) alcohols, karịsịa difunctional ogige, a na-eme ndọtị yinye dị ka ndị a:
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N'ime usoro ịfụfụ, ọnụọgụ isocyanate na-adịkarị karịa nke ihe mejupụtara hydrogen na-arụ ọrụ, ya bụ, ndezi mmeghachi omume karịrị 1, na-abụkarị 1.05, yabụ njedebe nke ngwaahịa ikpeazụ gbatịpụrụ agbụ na usoro ụfụfụ. kwesịrị ịbụ otu isocyate
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Mmeghachi omume ndọtị nke yinye bụ isi mmeghachi omume nke ụfụfụ PU, ọ bụkwa isi ihe na-eme ka ihe anụ ahụ dị: ike igwe, ọnụego uto, elasticity, wdg.
02 mmeghachi omume ụfụfụ
Ụfụfụ dị ezigbo mkpa na nkwadebe nke ụfụfụ dị nro, karịsịa mgbe ị na-emepụta ngwaahịa ndị dị ala.Enwere mmetụta abụọ n'ozuzu ụfụfụ: iji okpomọkụ mmeghachi omume na-eme ka ogige hydrocarbon na-esi esi dị ala, dị ka HCFC-141b, HFC-134a, HFC-365mfc, cyclopentane, wdg, iji nweta nzube ụfụfụ, nke ọzọ bụ iji. mmiri na isocyanate.Mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ na-emepụta nnukwu ikuku CO2 gas:
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Na enweghị onye na-eme ihe, mmeghachi omume mmeghachi omume nke mmiri na isocyanates dị nwayọọ.Ọnụ ọgụgụ mmeghachi omume nke amines na isocyanates dị nnọọ ngwa ngwa.N'ihi nke a, mgbe a na-eji mmiri eme ihe dị ka onye na-emepụta ụfụfụ, ọ na-eweta ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke akụkụ siri ike na ogige urea na nnukwu polarity, nke na-emetụta mmetụta, nkwụsị na okpomọkụ nke ngwaahịa ụfụfụ.Iji mepụta ụfụfụ nwere ihe ndị dị mma nke anụ ahụ na njupụta dị ala, ọ dị mkpa ịbawanye ibu arọ nke polyether (ester) mmanya na ịdị nro nke isi ihe.
03 Gel ọrụ
A na-akpọkwa mmeghachi omume gel cross-linking na ọgwụgwọ mmeghachi omume.Na usoro ịfụfụ, gelation dị ezigbo mkpa.Gelation n'oge ma ọ bụ akaha ga-eme ka ogo ngwaahịa ụfụfụ daa ma ọ bụ ghọọ ihe mkpofu.Ọnọdụ kachasị mma bụ na ndọtị yinye, mmeghachi omume ụfụfụ na mmeghachi omume gel ruru nha nha, ma ọ bụghị na njupụta ụfụfụ ga-adị elu ma ọ bụ ụfụfụ ahụ ga-ada.
Enwere omume gelling atọ n'oge usoro ụfụfụ:
1) Gel nke ogige multifunctional
N'ozuzu, ogige ndị nwere ihe karịrị arụ ọrụ atọ nwere ike ime ka ọ bụrụ ogige nke nhazi ahụ.Anyị na-eji polyether polyols nwere ihe karịrị ọrụ atọ na mmepụta nke polyurethane na-agbanwe foams.N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, a na-ejikwa polyisocyanates na fn ≥ 2.5 na mmepe nke usoro MDI niile iji meziwanye ikike ibu ibu nke ụfụfụ dị ala.Ndị a bụ ihe ndabere maka nguzobe nke usoro njikọ gafere n'ụzọ atọ:
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Ọ dị mma ịmara na ịdị arọ molekụla dị n'etiti ebe ndị na-agafe agafe na-egosipụta kpọmkwem njupụta njikọ nke ụfụfụ ahụ.Nke ahụ bụ, njupụta crosslinking buru ibu, ike nke ngwaahịa ahụ dị elu, na ike arụ ọrụ dị mma, ma ịdị nro nke ụfụfụ ahụ adịghị mma, na nkwụsị na elongation dị ala.Ihe dị arọ nke molekul (Mc) n'etiti ihe na-ejikọta ọnụ nke ụfụfụ dị nro bụ 2000-2500, na ụfụfụ siri ike dị n'etiti 700-2500.
2) Nhazi nke urea
Mgbe a na-eji mmiri dị ka ihe na-eme ụfụfụ, a na-emepụta ogige urea kwekọrọ.Ka mmiri na-abawanye, ka urea na-ejikọta ya.Ha ga-emeghachi omume na oke isocyanate na oke okpomọkụ iji mepụta ogige njikọ biuret nwere usoro atọ:
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3) Nhazi nke allophanate Ụdị mmeghachi omume cross-linking ọzọ bụ na hydrogen na isi iyi nke urethane na-emeghachi omume na oke isocyanate na okpomọkụ dị elu iji mepụta njikọ allophanate na usoro atọ:
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Nhazi nke ogige biuret na ogige allophanate adịghị mma maka usoro ụfụfụ n'ihi na ogige abụọ a nwere nkwụsi ike nke okpomọkụ na-adịghị mma na decompose na okpomọkụ dị elu.Ya mere, ọ dị ezigbo mkpa ka ndị mmadụ na-achịkwa okpomọkụ na isocyanate index na mmepụta
3 Chemical mgbako
Ihe sịntetik nke polyurethane bụ ihe nrụpụta polymer nke nwere ike imepụta ngwaahịa polymer sitere na akụrụngwa n'otu nzọụkwụ, ya bụ, enwere ike idozi akụrụngwa anụ ahụ nke ngwaahịa ahụ ozugbo site na ịgbanwe nkọwapụta na nha nke akụrụngwa.Ya mere, otu esi etinye ụkpụrụ nke njikọ polymer n'ụzọ ziri ezi ma guzobe usoro mgbako dị mfe dị ezigbo mkpa iji melite ogo ngwaahịa polyurethane.
01 Nha nhata
Ihe a na-akpọ nha nhata (E) na-ezo aka na ịdị arọ nke molekụla (Mn) kwekọrọ na ọrụ unit (f) na molecule compound;
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Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọnụọgụ molecular arọ nke polyether triol bụ 3000, mgbe ahụ uru ya nhata:
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Onye na-emekọrịta ihe na-ejikọta MOCA nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe, ya bụ 4,4'-methylene bis (2 chloroamine), nwere ihe jikọrọ ya na 267. Ọ bụ ezie na e nwere 4 hydrogens na-arụ ọrụ na molecule, nanị 2 hydrogens na-ekere òkè na mmeghachi omume isocyanate.atom, yabụ ọrụ ya f=2
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N'ime nkọwapụta ngwaahịa nke polyether ma ọ bụ polyester polyol, ụlọ ọrụ ọ bụla na-enye data hydroxyl uru (OH), yabụ ọ bara uru ịgbakọ uru ya na uru hydroxyl ozugbo:
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Ọ bara uru icheta na n'ezie nha nke ọrụ ngwaahịa na-ewe oge, yana enwere ọtụtụ mmeghachi omume n'akụkụ.Ọtụtụ mgbe, ezigbo ọrụ nke triol polyether (ester) adịghị nhata na 3, mana ọ dị n'etiti 2.7 na 2.8.Ya mere, a na-atụ aro ka iji usoro (2), ya bụ, a na-agbakọkwa uru hydroxyl!
02 chọrọ nke isocyanate
Ngwakọta hydrogen niile na-arụ ọrụ nwere ike meghachi omume na isocyanate.Dị ka ụkpụrụ nke mmeghachi omume nhata si dị, ọ bụ ihe a na-emekarị na njikọ PU iji gbakọọ ọnụ ọgụgụ isocyanate nke ọ bụla na-eri na usoro:
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Na usoro: Ws-ego nke isocyanate
WP-polyether ma ọ bụ polyester usoro onunu ogwu
Ep - polyether ma ọ bụ polyester dakọtara
Es—Isocyanate dakọtara
Oke molar nke I2-NCO/-OH, ya bụ, ndezigharị mmeghachi omume
ρS - ịdị ọcha nke isocyanate
Dị ka anyị niile maara, mgbe synthesizing a prepolymer ma ọ bụ ọkara-prepolymer na a ụfọdụ NCO uru, ego nke isocyanate chọrọ metụtara n'ezie ego nke polyether na NCO ọdịnaya chọrọ site ikpeazụ prepolymer.Mgbe chịkọtachara:
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N'ime usoro a: D——ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke otu NCO na prepolymer
42—— Uru nke NCO
N'ime ụfụfụ usoro MDI nke oge a, a na-ejikarị polyether-modified MDI eme ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe, na NCO% dị n'etiti 25 na 29%, ya mere usoro (4) bara uru nke ukwuu.
A na-atụkwa aro usoro maka ịgbakọ arọ molekụla n'etiti isi ihe na-ejikọta ọnụ na njupụta nke njikọ, nke bara ezigbo uru n'ịhazi usoro.Ma ọ bụ elastomer ma ọ bụ ụfụfụ dị elu, ngbanwe ya na-emetụta kpọmkwem ọnụ ọgụgụ nke onye na-emekọrịta ihe:
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N'ime usoro a: Mnc——ọnụọgụ-nkezi ịdị arọ molekụla n'etiti isi njikọ njikọ
Ọmụmaatụ——Uru nhata nke nnọchite njikọ obe
Wg——Ogo nke onye na-emekọrịta ihe
WV - ego nke prepolymer
D——NCO ọdịnaya
4 akụrụngwa
A na-ekewa akụrụngwa polyurethane ụzọ atọ: ogige polyol, ogige polyisocyanate na mgbakwunye.N'ime ha, polyols na polyisocyanates bụ isi akụrụngwa nke polyurethane, na ndị na-enyere aka bụ ogige ndị na-agbakwunye ihe pụrụ iche nke ngwaahịa polyurethane.
Ngwakọta niile nwere otu hydroxyl na nhazi nke ogige organic bụ nke ogige polyol organic.N'ime ha, ụfụfụ polyurethane abụọ a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ polyether polyols na polyester polyols.
ngwakọta polyol
Polyether polyol
Ọ bụ ogige oligomeric na nkezi molecular arọ nke 1000 ~ 7000, nke dabeere na akụrụngwa nke petrochemical ụlọ ọrụ: propylene oxide na ethylene oxide, na abụọ na atọ na-arụ ọrụ hydrogen-nwere ogige na-eji dị ka initiators, na-catalyzed na. polymerized site na KOH..
N'ozuzu, molekụla arọ nke nkịtị adụ ụfụfụ polyether polyol bụ na nso nke 1500 ~ 3000, na hydroxyl uru bụ n'etiti 56 ~ 110mgKOH/g.Arọ molekụla nke nnukwu resilience polyether polyol dị n'etiti 4500 na 8000, na uru hydroxyl dị n'etiti 21 na 36 mgKOH / g.
Ọ dị mma ịkọwa na ọtụtụ nnukwu ụdị polyether polyols nke emepụtara ọhụrụ n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya bara ezigbo uru iji meziwanye ihe anụ ahụ nke ụfụfụ polyurethane na-agbanwe ma belata njupụta.
l Polymer-grafted polyether polyol (POP), nke nwere ike imeziwanye ikike ibu ibu nke ụfụfụ dị nro nke PU, belata njupụta, mụbaa ogo mmeghe, ma gbochie nkwụsị.Usoro onunu ogwu na-abawanye kwa ụbọchị
l Polyurea polyether polyol (PHD): Ọrụ polyether yiri polymer polyether polyol, nke nwere ike imeziwanye ike, ikike ibu, ma kwalite mmeghe nke ngwaahịa ụfụfụ.A na-abawanye nkwụsi ike ọkụ, na MDI usoro ụfụfụ na-ekpochapụ onwe ya ma jiri ya mee ihe na Europe.l Combustion-ọkwa polymer polyether polyol: Ọ bụ a nitrogen-nwere aromatic hydrocarbon polymer anyadokwa polyether polyol, nke nwere ike ọ bụghị naanị melite ibu-ebu, oghe-cell, ekweghị ekwe na ndị ọzọ e ji mara nke ụfụfụ ngwaahịa, ma na-eme ka PU oche cushions synthesized. site na ya.Ọ nwere nnukwu ọkụ retardancy: oxygen index dị elu dị ka 28% ma ọ bụ karịa, obere anwụrụ ọkụ na-esi ≤60%, na obere ire ọkụ na-agbasa ọsọ.Ọ bụ ihe magburu onwe ya maka ụgbọ ala, ụgbọ oloko na arịa ụlọ iji mee oche oche
l Low unsaturation polyether polyol: Ebe ọ bụ na ọ na-eji okpukpu abụọ cyanide metal complex (DMC) dị ka ihe na-akpali akpali, ọdịnaya nke unsaturated abụọ agbụ na polyether synthesized bụ ihe na-erughị 0.010mol / mg, ya bụ, o nwere monool The ala compound, ya bụ, elu ịdị ọcha, na-eduga na mma resilience na mkpakọ set Njirimara nke HR ụfụfụ synthesized dabeere na ya, nakwa dị ka ezi anya mmiri ike na indentation ihe.Ugboro resonance dị ala mepere emepe na nso nso a, 6Hz obere nnyefe ọnụego oche oche ụgbọ ala ụfụfụ dị ezigbo mma.
l Hydrogenated polybutadiene glycol, polyol a na-adịbeghị anya na-eji PU ụfụfụ ngwaahịa ná mba ọzọ na-mma nke ukwuu n'anụ ahụ Njirimara nke ụfụfụ, karịsịa ihu igwe na-eguzogide, mmiri na okpomọkụ na-eguzogide mkpakọ set na nsogbu ndị ọzọ ruo ọtụtụ afọ, nke mere na oche oche oche oche. A na-eji ihe ndị ọzọ eme ihe na mpaghara okpomọkụ nke Africa
l Polyether polyols na elu ethylene oxide ọdịnaya, n'ozuzu elu-arụ ọrụ polyether polyols, iji melite reactivity nke polyethers, tinye 15 ~ 20% EO na njedebe n'oge njikọ.Polyethers dị n'elu bụ ọdịnaya EO ruo 80%, ọdịnaya PO N'ụzọ megidere nke ahụ, ọ dị ala karịa 40%.Ọ bụ isi ihe na-emepe emepe nke usoro MDI niile PU soft foams, nke ndị mmadụ kwesịrị ịṅa ntị na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.
l Polyether polyols nwere ọrụ catalytic: na-ebutekarị otu amine nke atọ nwere ihe ndị na-akpata catalytic ma ọ bụ ion metal n'ime usoro polyether.Ebumnuche bụ iji belata ọnụọgụ nke na-eme ka ọ dị na sistemụ ụfụfụ, belata uru VOC na obere atomization nke ngwaahịa ụfụfụ.
l polyether polyol nke Amino kwụsịrị: Polyether a nwere ọrụ catalytic kachasị ukwuu, oge mmeghachi omume dị mkpirikpi, iwetulata ngwa ngwa, yana ike ngwaahịa dị mma nke ukwuu (karịsịa ike mbụ), ntọhapụ ebu, nguzogide okpomọkụ, na ihe mgbaze., a na-ebelata okpomọkụ nke ihe owuwu ahụ, na-agbasawanye ohere, ọ bụkwa ụdị ọhụrụ dị iche iche na-ekwe nkwa.
polyester polyol
Polyester mbụ polyols niile na-ezo aka na adipic acid polyester polyols, na nnukwu ahịa bụ ụfụfụ microcellular, nke a na-eji na akpụkpọ ụkwụ akpụkpọ ụkwụ.N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ụdị ọhụrụ apụtala n'otu n'otu, na-agbasa ngwa nke polyester polyols na PUF.
l Aromatic dicarboxylic acid-modified adipic acid dabeere polyester polyol: tumadi synthesizing polyester polyol site n'ụzọ ụfọdụ dochie adipic acid na phthalic acid ma ọ bụ terephthalic acid, nke nwere ike melite mmalite ike nke ngwaahịa na mma nke mmiri na-eguzogide na ike siri ike, na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa. nke
l Polycarbonate polyol: Ụdị ngwaahịa a nwere ike imeziwanye nguzogide hydrolysis, nguzogide ihu igwe, nguzogide okpomọkụ na ike nke ngwaahịa ụfụfụ, ma bụrụ ihe dị iche iche na-ekwe nkwa.
l Poly ε-caprolactone polyol: PU ụfụfụ synthesized si na ya nwere ezigbo okpomọkụ nguzogide, hydrolysis eguzogide na abrasion eguzogide, na ụfọdụ elu-arụmọrụ ngwaahịa ga-mere ya.
l Aromatic polyester polyol: Emepụtara ya site na iji ngwaahịa polyester mkpofu eme ihe n'oge mmalite, a na-ejikarị ya na ụfụfụ siri ike PU.Ugbu a, a na-agbatị ya na PU soft foam, nke kwesịkwara nlebara anya
Ndị ọzọ Ngwakọta ọ bụla nwere hydrogen nọ n'ọrụ nwere ike tinye ya na PUF.Dị ka mgbanwe ahịa na ihe nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi chọrọ, ọ dị mkpa iji ngwaahịa ime obodo na-eme ihe n'ụzọ zuru ezu na ịmepụta ụfụfụ dị nro PU biodegradable.
l Castor oil based polyols: A na-eji ngwaahịa ndị a na PUF na mbụ, ma ọtụtụ n'ime ha sitere na mmanụ castor dị ọcha na-agbanwebeghị iji mee ụfụfụ siri ike.M na-atụ aro na iji transesterification technology, na dị iche iche elu molekul arọ alcohols na-webata n'ime Castor mmanụ synthesize dị iche iche nkọwa.
Mwepụta, enwere ike ịme ka ọ bụrụ PUF dị nro na nke siri ike.
l Usoro mmanụ oriri polyols: ọnụ ahịa mmanụ na-emetụta nso nso a, ngwaahịa ndị dị otú ahụ etolitela ngwa ngwa.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọtụtụ n'ime ngwaahịa ndị a rụpụtara bụ ngwaahịa soybean na mmanụ nkwụ, na mmanụ owu ma ọ bụ mmanụ anụmanụ nwekwara ike iji mepụta ngwaahịa usoro, nke enwere ike iji ya mee ihe n'ụzọ zuru ezu, belata ọnụ ahịa, yana ihe na-emebi emebi na gburugburu ebe obibi. .
polyisocyanate
A na-ejikarị ụdị isocyanates abụọ, TDI na MDI eme ihe na mmepụta nke ụfụfụ polyurethane na-agbanwe agbanwe, a na-ejikwa ngwakọ TDI / MDI ewepụtara na usoro HR.N'ihi ihe nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi chọrọ, ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala nwere ihe dị ala chọrọ maka uru VOC nke ngwaahịa ụfụfụ.Ya mere, a na-eji MDI dị ọcha, MDI crude na MDI gbanwetụrụ na PU soft foam dị ka isi ngwaahịa nro PU.
ngwakọta polyol
MDI nwere mmiri mmiri
Dị ọcha 4,4′-MDI siri ike na ụlọ okpomọkụ.Ihe a na-akpọ liquefied MDI na-ezo aka na MDI nke agbanweela n'ụzọ dị iche iche ma bụrụ mmiri mmiri na ụlọ okpomọkụ.Enwere ike iji arụ ọrụ nke MDI liquefied iji ghọta otu MDI gbanwetụrụ ọ bụ.
l urethane-gbanwetụrụ MDI nwere ọrụ nke 2.0;
l Carbodiimide-gbanwetụrụ MDI nwere ọrụ nke 2.0;
l MDI gbanwere na diazetacyclobutanone imine, ọrụ bụ 2.2;
l MDI gbanwere site na urethane na diazetidinimine nwere ọrụ 2.1.
A na-eji ihe ka ukwuu n'ime ngwaahịa ndị a na ngwaahịa a kpụrụ dị ka HR, RIM, ụfụfụ na-akpụ akpụ, na obere ụfụfụ dị ka akpụkpọ ụkwụ akpụkpọ ụkwụ.
MDI-50
Ọ bụ ngwakọta nke 4,4′-MDI na 2,4′-MDI.Ebe ọ bụ na ebe mgbaze nke 2,4′-MDI dị ala karịa ụlọ okpomọkụ, ihe dị ka 15 Celsius C, MDI-50 bụ mmiri mmiri echekwara na ụlọ okpomọkụ ma dị mfe iji.Lezienụ anya na mmetụta mgbochi siri ike nke 2,4′-MDI, nke na-adịchaghị arụ ọrụ karịa ahụ 4,4′ ma nwee ike gbanwee ya site na ihe mkpali.
MDI siri ike ma ọ bụ PAPI
Ọrụ ya dị n'etiti 2.5 na 2.8, a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe na ụfụfụ siri ike.N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, n'ihi ihe ọnụahịa, a na-ejikwa ya na ahịa ụfụfụ dị nro, ma ekwesịrị iburu n'uche na n'ihi ọrụ ya dị elu, ọ dị mkpa iji belata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke cross-linking na nhazi usoro.Onye na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ, ma ọ bụ mụbaa plasticizer n'ime.
Enyemaka
ihe na-akpali akpali
Ihe na-eme ka ọ dị mma na-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na ụfụfụ polyurethane, ya na ya, a ga-enwe ike ịmepụta ngwa ngwa na ụlọ okpomọkụ.E nwere isi ihe abụọ na-eme ka ndị na-akpali akpali: amines tertiary na metal catalysts, dị ka triethylenediamine, pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, methylimidazole, A-1, wdg, niile bụ nke tertiary amine catalysts, mgbe stannous octoate, diethylene diamine, wdg. Dibutyltin acetate, potassium. , potassium octoate, organic bismuth, wdg bụ ihe na-eme ka ígwè.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ụdị dị iche iche na-egbu oge, ụdị trimerization, ụdị mgbagwoju anya na ụdị uru-VOC dị ala ka emepụtarala, nke dabere na ụdị ihe ndị dị n'elu.
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, usoro Dabco nke ụlọ ọrụ ngwaahịa gas, ihe bụ isi bụ triethylenediamine:
Dabco33LV nwere 33% triethylenediamine/67% dipropylene glycol.
l Dabco R8020 Triethylenediamine nwere 20%/DMEA80%
l Dabco S25 triethylenediamine nwere 25% / butanediol 75%
l Dabco8154 triethylenediamine/acid na-egbu oge
l Dabco EG Triethylenediamine nwere 33%/Ethylene Glycol 67%
l Dabco TMR usoro trimerization
l Dabco 8264 Mgbakwụnye egosipụta, ihe na-eme ka ọ kwụ ọtọ
l Dabco XDM ihe na-eme ka isi ísì dị ala
N'okpuru ọnọdụ nke ọtụtụ ihe na-eme ka ọ dị elu, anyị ga-ebu ụzọ ghọta njirimara nke ndị na-emepụta ihe dị iche iche na ụkpụrụ ọrụ ha iji nweta nguzozi nke usoro polyurethane, ya bụ, nguzozi n'etiti ọsọ ụfụfụ na ọsọ gelation;nguzozi n'etiti ọsọ gelation na ọnụego ụfụfụ, na ọsọ ụfụfụ na nguzozi ihe onwunwe, wdg.
Metal catalysts niile bụ ụdị gel.Ụdị agba agba agba agba agba nwere mmetụta gel siri ike, mana adịghị ike ha bụ na ha anaghị eguzogide hydrolysis ma nwee mmetụta na-adịghị mma nke okpomọkụ.Mpụta na nso nso a nke organic bismuth catalysts kwesịrị ịdọrọ uche.Ọ bụghị naanị na ọ nwere ọrụ nke tin catalyst, kamakwa ọ nwere ezigbo nguzogide hydrolysis na nguzogide ịka nká, nke dị mma maka ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe.
ụfụfụ stabilizer
Ọ na-arụ ọrụ nke emulsifying ihe ụfụfụ ahụ, na-eme ka ụfụfụ na-edozi ahụ ma na-edozi cell, na-eme ka ọnụ ọgụgụ dị n'otu nke akụkụ nke ọ bụla na-arụ ọrụ, nke na-enyere aka ịmepụta egosipụta, na-achịkwa nha na ịdị n'otu nke cell, na-akwalite nguzozi nke sel. esemokwu ụfụfụ.Mgbidi ndị ahụ na-agbanwe iji jide mkpụrụ ndụ ma gbochie ọdịda.Ọ bụ ezie na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụfụfụ stabilizer dị ntakịrị, ọ nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na nhazi cell, ihe onwunwe anụ ahụ na usoro mmepụta nke PU na-agbanwe ụfụfụ.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-eji silicone / polyoxyalkylene ether block oligomer na-eguzogide hydrolysis na China.N'ihi ntinye nke usoro ụfụfụ dị iche iche, oke nke akụkụ hydrophobic / hydrophilic dị iche iche, na mgbanwe nke njikọ njikọ na njedebe nke ihe mgbochi ahụ dị iche., iji mepụta silicon stabilizers maka ngwaahịa ụfụfụ dị iche iche.Ya mere, mgbe ị na-ahọrọ ụfụfụ stabilizer, ị ghaghị ịghọta ọrụ ya na ọrụ ya, echefula ya, ejila ya eme ihe n'ụzọ na-enweghị isi, ma mee ka ọ pụta ìhè.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, enweghị ike itinye mmanụ silicone ụfụfụ dị nro na ụfụfụ dị elu, ma ọ bụghị ya, ọ ga-eme ka ụfụfụ dị ntakịrị, na mmanụ silicone dị elu enweghị ike iji gbochie ụfụfụ dị nro, ma ọ bụghị ya, ọ ga-eme ka ụfụfụ daa.
N'ihi mkpa nke nchedo gburugburu ebe obibi, ụgbọ ala na ngwá ụlọ na-achọ ngwaahịa nwere obere atomization na obere VOC uru.Companieslọ ọrụ dị iche iche ejirila nke ọma mepụta atomization dị ala yana ndị na-eme ka ụfụfụ ọnụ ala VOC dị ala, dị ka Dabco DC6070 nke ụlọ ọrụ Gas Products hibere, nke bụ mmanụ silicone dị ala maka sistemụ TDI.;Dabco DC2525 bụ mmanụ silicone dị ala maka sistemụ MDI.
onye na-eme ụfụfụ
Ihe na-emepụta ụfụfụ maka ụfụfụ dị nro nke PU bụ mmiri kachasị, nke ndị ọzọ na-eme ụfụfụ anụ ahụ gbakwunyere.Na mmepụta nke ụfụfụ ngọngọ, na-atụle nnukwu mmiri na ngwaahịa ndị dị ala, na-agafe akụkụ 4.5 kwa akụkụ 100 ga-eme ka okpomọkụ dị n'ime nke ụfụfụ ahụ na-ebili, na-agafe 170 ~ 180 Celsius C, na-ebute ọkụ ọkụ na mberede. ụfụfụ, na ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ na-esi ísì ụtọ ga-eji.Otu na-enyere aka n'ibelata njupụta, nke ọzọ na-ewepụkwa nnukwu okpomọkụ mmeghachi omume.N'oge mbụ, ejikọtara mmiri / F11.N'ihi okwu nchekwa gburugburu, amachibidoro F11.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-eji ihe ka ukwuu n'ime ngwaahịa mgbanwe mmiri / dichloromethane usoro na mmiri / HCFC-141b usoro.N'ihi na ngwaahịa dichloromethane na-emerụkwa ikuku, ọ bụ ọdịdị mgbanwe, ebe ngwaahịa HFC usoro: HFC-245fa, -356mfc, wdg ma ọ bụ cyclopentane usoro ngwaahịa niile bụ enyi na enyi gburugburu ebe obibi, ma nke mbụ dị oke ọnụ na nke ikpeazụ na-ere ọkụ, ya mere. Iji gboo mkpa nke ibelata ogo nke okpomọkụ, ndị mmadụ ewepụtala usoro ọhụrụ, teknụzụ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nrụgide na-adịghị mma, teknụzụ jụrụ oyi na teknụzụ CO2 mmiri mmiri iji dozie nsogbu ahụ, ebumnuche bụ iji belata oke mmiri ma ọ bụ belata okpomọkụ dị n'ime. nke ụfụfụ.
Ana m akwado teknụzụ CO2 mmiri mmiri maka imepụta ihe mgbochi, nke dabara adaba maka obere ụlọ ọrụ obere na ọkara.Na teknụzụ LCO2, akụkụ anọ nke LCO2 bụ akụkụ 13 nke MC.Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti oriri mmiri na mmiri mmiri CO2 na-emepụta ụfụfụ nke njupụta dị iche iche Foam density, kg / m3 mmiri, akụkụ site na uka LCO2, akụkụ site uka nhata MC, akụkụ site uka
13.34.86.520.0
15.24.55.015.3
16.04.54.012.3
17.33.94.313.1
27.72.52.06.2
ire ere
Ọkụ na-egbochi ọkụ na mgbochi ọkụ bụ ihe na-eche ndị mmadụ mgbe niile.Mba m ewepụtara ọhụrụ “Ihe achọrọ na ụkpụrụ maka ịrụ ọrụ ire ọkụ na ngwaahịa ire ere na ebe ọha” GB20286-2006 nwere ihe ọhụrụ achọrọ maka ire ọkụ.Maka ọkwa ọkụ retardant 1 foam Plastic chọrọ: a), ọnụego mwepụta okpomọkụ kacha elu ≤ 250KW/m2;b), nkezi oge ọkụ ≤ 30s, nkezi ọkụ elu ≤ 250mm;c), ọkwa njupụta anwụrụ ọkụ (SDR) ≤ 75;d), ọkwa nsi anwụrụ ọkụ Ọ bụghị ihe na-erughị ọkwa 2A2
Nke ahụ bụ: ekwesịrị ịtụle ihe atọ: ọkụ na-egbochi ọkụ, obere anwụrụ ọkụ, na nsi anwụrụ ọkụ dị ala.Iji tinye n'ihu elu chọrọ maka nhọrọ nke ire ere retardants, dị ka n'elu ụkpụrụ, m kwere na ọ kasị mma na-ahọrọ iche nke nwere ike na-etolite a oké carbon oyi akwa na hapụ na-adịghị egbu egbu ma ọ bụ obere-egbu egbu anwụrụ ọkụ.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ekwesị iji phosphate ester dabeere elu molekụla arọ ire ọkụ retardants, ma ọ bụ halogen-free aromatic hydrocarbons na elu okpomọkụ iguzogide heterocyclic iche, wdg Na-adịbeghị anya, mba ọzọ na-mepụtara gbasaa graphite ire ere retardant PU mgbanwe ụfụfụ, ma ọ bụ nitrogen heterocyclic ire ọkụ retardant Ọgwụ ahụ ziri ezi.
ọzọ
Ihe mgbakwunye ndị ọzọ na-agụnyekarị: ndị na-emeghe oghere, ndị na-ejikọta cross-links, antioxidants, anti-fogging agents, wdg Mgbe ị na-ahọrọ, mmetụta nke mgbakwunye na arụmọrụ nke ngwaahịa PU kwesịrị ịtụle ya, yana nsị ya, ịkwaga, ndakọrịta, wdg. .ajuju.
5 ngwaahịa
Iji ghọtakwuo njikọ dị n'etiti usoro na arụmọrụ nke ụfụfụ dị nro nke PU, ewebata ọtụtụ ihe atụ nnọchiteanya maka ntụnye aka:
1. Ụdị usoro na njirimara nke ngọngọ polyether PU ụfụfụ dị nro
Polyether triol 100pbw TDI80/20 46.0pbw Organotin catalyst 0.4pbw Tertiary amine catalyst 0.2pbw Silicon foam stabilizer 1.0pbw Water 3.6pbw Co-foaming agent 0 ~ 12pbw , Onye na-eme ihe n'ụfụ 0 ~ 12pbw 2, Foam . ,% 220 Ike akwa akwa, N / m 385 mkpakọ set, 50% 6 90% 6 cavitation ibu, kg (38cm × 35.6cm × 10cm) Nrụrụ 25% 13.6 65% 25.6 Falling bọl rebound,% 38 Na-adịbeghị anya, iji zute ndị mkpa nke ahịa, ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụtakarị ụfụfụ dị ala (10kg / m3).Mgbe ị na-emepụta ụfụfụ na-agbanwe agbanwe nke ultra-low-density, ọ bụghị naanị ịbawanye ihe na-emepụta ụfụfụ na onye na-enye ụfụfụ.Ihe a ga-eme ga-adarịrị na silicon surfactant dị elu nke kwụsiri ike na ihe na-akpali akpali.
Mmepụta usoro ntụnye ụfụfụ dị ala dị ala ultra-obere njupụta na-agbanwe agbanwe: aha ọkara-njupụta obere njupụta ultra-low.
Na-aga n'ihu igbe igbe na-aga n'ihu na igbe polyether polyol 100100100100100 mmiri 3.03.04.55.56.6 A-33 catalyst 0.20.20.20.250.18 Silicon surfactant B-81101.01.21.10.02.03.02.100.02 Status. .40 onye nnọchi anya 7.57.512.515.034.0 TDI80/2041.444.056.073 .0103.0 Njupụta, kg/m3 23.023.016.514.08.0
Ụdị ụfụfụ cylindrical: EO/PO ụdị polyether polyol (OH: 56) 100pbw Water 6.43pbw MC foaming agent 52.5pbw Silicon surfactant L-628 6.50pbw Catalyst A230 0.44pbw Stannous5pw02 octoate. sage 139pbw Foam njupụta, n'arọ/m3 7.5
2. Liquid CO2 co-foaming agent na-eme ka ụfụfụ dị ala
Polyether triol (Mn3000) 100 100 Mmiri 4.9 5.2 Liquid CO2 2.5 3.3 Silicone surfactant L631 1.5 1.75 B8404 Amine catalyst A133 0.28 0.30 Stanous octoate 0.140 0.7DE Flat octoate 0.140. 80/20 Njupụta ụfụfụ, kg/m3 16 16
The ahụkarị usoro bụ dị ka ndị a: Polyether triol (Mn3000) 100pbw Mmiri 4.0pbw LCO2 4.0 ~ 5.5pbw Catalyst A33 0.25pbw Silicon surfactant SC155 1.35pbw Stannous octoate D19 000m index 0.208 kg. 14.0-16.5
3. Full MDI obere njupụta polyurethane ụfụfụ dị nro
A na-eji ụfụfụ kpụrụ akpụ Soft PU eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na mmepụta nke oche oche ụgbọ ala.Mbelata njupụta na-enweghị emetụta akụrụngwa anụ ahụ bụ ebumnuche mmepe
Ụdị: Polyether na-arụ ọrụ dị elu (OH: 26 ~ 30mgKOH / g) 80pbw Polymer polyol (OH: 23 ~ 27mgKOH / g) 20pbw Crosslinking agent 0 ~ 3pbw Water 4.0pbw Amine catalyst A-33 2.8pbw Surface 1 silicone mmanụ ọrụ nke. pbw MDI index 90pbw Arụmọrụ: Foam center density 34.5kg/m3 hardness ILD25% 15.0kg/314cm2 Tear ike 0.8kg/cm Tensile ike 1.34kg/cm2 Elongation 120% Rebound rate 62% Permanry% set . 13.5%
4. obere njupụta, zuru MDI gburugburu-enyi na enyi oche oche oche oche
The homologue nke dị ọcha MDI: M50-ya bụ, ngwaahịa nke 4,4′MDI 50% 2,4′MDI 50%, nwere ike na-ụfụfụ na ụlọ okpomọkụ, melite fluidity, belata ngwaahịa njupụta, na ibelata ụgbọ ibu arọ, nke bụ. na-ekwe nkwa.Ngwaahịa:
Ngosipụta: Polylewer Polylet (Oh: 285pkoh / g) AUXBW 31 Surtactant B4113 0.8PBW DABCO 3.5PBB CyEx M50
Njirimara anụ ahụ: Oge eserese (s) 62 Oge ịrị elu (s) 98 Njupụta ụfụfụ efu, kg/m3 32.7 Mwepu ibu mkpakọ, kpa: 40% 1.5 Elongation, % 180 ike akwa, N/m 220
Mara: * 310 Auxiliary: M na-ere ya, ọ bụ ihe ndọtị pụrụ iche.
5. Ịkwụsị elu dị elu, ịnya ụgbọ mmiri PU dị mma
N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ahịa ahụ chọrọ ka akụrụngwa anụ ahụ nke oche oche ụfụfụ na-agbanwe agbanwe, mana ndị mmadụ agaghị enwe ike ịnwụ na ọrịa ngagharị oche oche dị elu mgbe ịnya ụgbọ ala ogologo oge.Mgbe nyocha gasịrị, akụkụ ahụ dị n'ime ahụ mmadụ, ọkachasị afọ, na-enwe ihe ruru 6Hz.Ọ bụrụ na resonance emee, ọ ga-ebute ọgbụgbọ na vomiting
N'ozuzu, ntụgharị ụda nke ụfụfụ dị elu na 6Hz bụ 1.1 ~ 1.3, ya bụ, mgbe ụgbọ ala na-agba ọsọ, ọ naghị ada mbà ma na-abawanye, na ụfọdụ usoro ngwaahịa nwere ike ibelata vibration na 0.8 ~ 0.9.A na-atụ aro imepụta ngwaahịa ugbu a, yana nnyefe vibration 6Hz dị na ọkwa 0.5 ~ 0.55.
Nhazi: Ọrụ dị elu polyether polyol (Mn6000) 100pbw Silicon surfactant SRX-274C 1.0pbw Tertiary amine catalyst, Minico L-1020 0.4pbw Tertiary amine catalyst, Minico TMDA 0.15pbw% Imirikiti 3.6Npbw Waterly . 100
Njirimara anụ ahụ: Njupụta n'ozuzu, kg/m3 48.0 25% ILD, kg/314cm2 19.9 nlọghachi,% 74 50% mkpakọ
Ike Mbelata, (Akọrọ) 1.9 (Wet) 2.5 6Hz Mbufe Mmaji 0.55
6. Ntugharị nwayọ nwayọ ma ọ bụ ụfụfụ viscoelastic
Ụfụfụ PU nke a na-akpọ ngwa ngwa na-eweghachite ụfụfụ na-ezo aka na ụfụfụ nke na-adịghị eweghachi n'ụdị mbụ ya ozugbo e megharịrị ụfụfụ ahụ site na ike mpụga, mana ejiri nwayọọ nwayọọ na-eweghachi ya na-enweghị nrụrụ elu.Ọ nwere ezigbo ihe nkpuchi, mkpuchi ụda, akara na ihe ndị ọzọ.Enwere ike iji ya na njikwa mkpọtụ nke injin ụgbọ ala, nkwado kapet, ihe ụmụaka ji egwuri egwu na ohiri isi ahụike.
Usoro ihe atụ: Polyether ọrụ dị elu (OH34) 40 ~ 60pbw Polymer polyether (OH28) 60 ~ 40 pbw Cross-adhesive ZY-108* 80~100 pbw L-580 1.5 pbw Catalyst 1.8 ~ 2.5 pbw Mmiri 1.8 ~ 2.5 pbw Ista * 1.05 pbw Cheta: * ZY-108, a onyinye nke multifunctional ala molekul arọ polyether ** PM-200, a ngwakọta nke liquefied MDI-100, ha abụọ bụ Wanhua ngwaahịa Njirimara: Foam njupụta, kg / m3 150 ~ 165 ike, Shore A 18 ~ 15 ike akwa, kN / m 0.87 ~ 0.76 Elongation, % 90 ~ 130 nkwụghachi ọnụego, % 9 ~ 7 mgbake oge, sekọnd 7 ~ 10
7. Polyether ụdị onwe-skined microcellular ụfụfụ na-eguzogide ike na-emegharị ugboro nde
Enwere ike itinye ụfụfụ ahụ na PU soles na steering wheel
实例： DaltocelF-435 31.64 pbw Arcol34-28 10.0 pbw DaltocelF-481 44.72 pbw Arcol2580 3.0 pbw 乙二醇6.0 pbw 傌醇6.0 pbw 催喇1027 0.3 pbw 硅表面活性剂DC-193 0.3 pbw L1 412T 1.5 pbw Mmiri 0.44 pbw gbanwetụrụ MDI Suprasec2433 71 pbw
Njirimara anụ ahụ: njupụta ụfụfụ: ihe dị ka 0.5g∕cm3 β-belt deflection, KCS 35-50, dị ezigbo mma.
8. Ọkụ na-ere ọkụ, obere anwụrụ ọkụ, ụfụfụ dị elu
Site na mmepe ngwa ngwa nke akụ na ụba mba, ngalaba dị iche iche nwere ihe dị elu ma dị elu chọrọ maka ire ọkụ nke ngwaahịa ụfụfụ, karịsịa ụgbọ elu, ụgbọ ala, ụgbọ ala ndị na-agba ọsọ ọsọ, na sofas ezinụlọ, wdg. Nontoxic.
N'iburu n'uche ọnọdụ dị n'elu, onye edemede na ndị ọrụ ibe emepụtala ọkwa ọkụ ọkụ (oxygen index 28 ~ 30%), nke nwere obere anwụrụ ọkụ (ọnụahịa mba ụwa bụ 74, ngwaahịa a bụ naanị banyere 50), na nlọghachi ụfụfụ na-anọgide na-agbanweghị.Na-emepụta anwụrụ ọkụ ọcha.
Usoro ihe atụ: YB-3081 ire ọkụ polyether 50 pbw High ọrụ polyether (OH34) 50 pbw Silicone surfactant B 8681 0.8 ~ 1.0 pbw Mmiri 2.4 ~ 2.6 pbw DEOA 1.5 ~ 3 pbw Catalyst0.5.5.1 pbw Catalyst0.5.
Njirimara anụ ahụ: njupụta ụfụfụ, kg / m3 ≥50 ike mkpakọ, kPa 5.5 Tensile ike, kPa 124 rebound ọnụego,% ≥60 mkpakọ deformation, 75% ≤8 Oxygen index, OI% ≥ 28 Anwụrụ ọkụ njupụta ≤50
9. Mmiri bụ onye na-eme ụfụfụ, ihe niile na-eme ka gburugburu ebe obibi na-eme onwe ya ụfụfụ
Amachibidoro onye na-eme ụfụfụ HCFC-141b na mba ọzọ.Onye na-eme ụfụfụ CP na-ere ọkụ.HFC-245fa na HFC-365mfc onye na-agbapụta ụfụfụ dị oke ọnụ na enweghị anabata.ụfụfụ akpụkpọ anụ.N'oge gara aga, ndị ọrụ PU n'ụlọ na ná mba ọzọ na-elebara anya na mgbanwe nke polyether na isocyanate, n'ihi ya, oyi akwa nke ụfụfụ ahụ edoghị anya na njupụta dị elu.
A na-akwado usoro nhazi ugbu a, nke ejiri mara:
l Polyether polyol bụ isi na-agbanwe agbanwe, a na-eji Mn5000 ma ọ bụ 6000 eme ihe.·
Isocyanate na-agbanwe agbanwe, enwere ike iji C-MDI, PAPI ma ọ bụ MDI gbanwetụrụ.
l Jiri ihe mgbakwunye pụrụ iche SH-140 dozie nsogbu ahụ.·
Usoro ntọala:
l High ọrụ polyether triol Mn5000 65pbw
l SH-140* 35pbw
l Onye na-ekesa eriri: 1,4-butanediol 5pbw
l Onye na-emekọrịta ihe: glycerol 1.7pbw
l Onye ọrụ mmeghe: K-6530 0.2 ~ 0.5pbw
l Catalyst A-2 1.2 ~ 1.3pbw
l agba mado kwesịrị ekwesị ego l mmiri 0.5pbw
l MR-200 45pbw
Mara: *SH-140 bụ ngwaahịa anyị
Njirimara anụ ahụ: mkpokọta njupụta nke ụfụfụ bụ 340 ~ 350kg / m3
Ngwaahịa: elu dị larịị, eriri doro anya, njupụta dị ala.
Oge nzipu: Ọgọst-12-2022